Introduction
Crystallization is one of the oldest unit operations known to mankind. Even today solar evaporation is still customary in regions with plentiful sunshine. Advantages are the very simple technology and a cost-free supply of energy. On the other hand, a very large sur-face area is needed. The rates of production per unit surface area fall in the range of 3 to 10 g/m²h. The purity of the product which can be attained in the production of salt in solar ponds is also limited. The product always consists of aggregates of single crystals which have grown together, this leading to in¬clusions of mother liquor and higher residual mois-ture. Untreated salt from solar ponds can be obtained with purities up to about 98 %.
In modern equipment for crystallization, on the other hand, any crystalline product can be produced with purities of about 99.9 % and with almost any desired crystal size distribution. The specific rate of production in industrial crystallizers is several thousand times larger than in solar ponds.
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Lecture given on the CRYSOPT Network Course on Industrial Crystallization from Solutions,
held March 09-10, 2000, at Tarantasca, Italy
Single Crystallization from Solutions
G. HOFMANN
GEA Messo PT
Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 134
D-47259 Duisburg
Germany
Guenter.Hofmann@gea-crystallization.com